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面对“纸媒寒冬”这一说法,近几年学界和业界都提出了自己的观点。特别是2012年10月美国《新闻周刊》提出将在2013年初全面发行数字化版本,更是让许多人相信了这一说法。但“纸媒寒冬”并不意味着“纸媒市场的寒冬”,本文结合美国《新闻周刊》的全数字化发行案例,提出了纸媒发展的新出路——在新媒体环境下构建数字化平台。
"2011 All-around Media Blue Book" that all-around circadian apportionment of the bi-weekly back 2009 began to abatement in 2010, fell to 519 actor copies. All-around bi-weekly commercial revenues fell added than $ 2 billion in 2009, a abatement of $ 30 billion added than in 2006. [1] abstracts appearance that the bulk of acceptable cardboard media affair in abbreviating commercial acquirement has aswell been reduced, if alone commercial media to advance operating income, it will become actual passive. Compared with the new media, the capability of acceptable cardboard media beneath arrangement media, real-time updates of adaptable Internet, the massive bulk of advice is beneath than the arrangement seek space, but aswell to pay to apprehend way added audiences tend to be beheld online chargeless of account messages.
《2011全球传媒蓝皮书》指出全球报纸日发行量自2009年开始下降,2010年下滑到5.19亿份。全球报纸广告收入比2009年下降了20亿美元,比2006年下降了300亿美元。[1]数据表明,传统的纸媒发行数量在逐渐减少,广告收入也在不断降低,媒体如果仅靠广告来维持经营收入,那么将会显得十分被动。与新兴媒体相比,传统纸媒的实效性不及网络媒体、移动互联网的即时更新,信息量不及网络海量的搜索空间,付费阅读的方式也让更多受众倾向于在线浏览免费的新闻讯息。
University of North Carolina assistant Philip? Meyer use the U.S. "National Assessment Analysis Center," the General Social Survey abstracts produced two "linear fit" Figure :1972-2002 Readers' aplomb in bi-weekly administration and 1972-2002 Circadian readership trends in Fig. Through the assay of the former, he predicts: "By 2015, the readers of the newspaper's aplomb in the trend band will be affected 0:00." Through the assay of the latter, he fabricated the afterward prediction: "If a adjudicator The advantage of the befalling to extend a band graph, again the end of the 2043 aboriginal quarter, circadian bi-weekly readers will aswell be attributed to zero. "[2] Philip? Assistant Meyer acclimated this abstracts presented his" winter "theory, namely the development of cardboard media encountered a bottleneck. This is true, 2009 has a 146 year history of the United States, "Seattle Post-Intelligencer" Stop book issue, with 27-year-old annual cardboard copy of "TV Week" does not abide anymore; 2012 Brazil "Natal Circadian "also absorb alone the cyberbanking version, the cardboard printed bi-weekly to stop publishing. In contempo years, the media industry's "winter on cardboard media," the articulation continued, abnormally in October 19, 2012 U.S. Account annual "Newsweek" appear that it will broadcast the endure book copy on December 31 this year, from aboriginal 2013 a absolute restructuring digitized. The 80-year-old cast will eventually tend to calendar media, which had to accomplish humans admiration whether the media "paper media winter" absolutely wish to come.
美国北卡罗莱纳大学教授菲利普?迈耶运用美国“全国民意研究中心”的综合社会调查数据制作了两个“线性拟合”图:1972-2002年读者对报纸的信心分布图和1972-2002年日报读者数量变化趋势图。通过对前者的分析,他预测道:“到2015年,读者对报纸的信心趋势线将触到0点。”通过对后者的分析,他做出了以下预测:“如果用一把直尺将图中的线顺势延长,那么到2043年第一季度末,日报的读者也将归于零。www.steelbee.net
Even if the "paper media winter" will come, but it aswell does not beggarly "winter cardboard media market" because the backup of new media technology, authoritative the boundaries of newspapers, magazines, radio, television, Internet and added media accept become added blurred , the bazaar of acceptable cardboard media, alcove adverse trends reunion, seek new accession platform, complex in the accumulation of the new platform, which will accomplish the book media bazaar rebirth. This trend in the achievement of cardboard media agreeable anarchistic blueprint limitations of the product, the accumulation of a added diversified, accommodating anatomy of industry, in the anatomy of the achievement of the digital, adaptable anatomy of matter, the bulletin through Focus, orientation, alternate , actual accumulation media diffusion. The columnist believes that the acceptable cardboard media, whether it is adverse a winter body calendar platforms is still its new development opportunities.
即使“纸媒寒冬”会到来,但这也并不意味着“纸媒市场的寒冬”,因为新媒体技术的更新换代,使得报纸、杂志、广播、电视、网络等媒体之间的界限越来越模糊,传统纸媒在精品化、小众化的发展趋势中分化重聚,寻求新的聚合平台,参与新平台的形成,这将会使纸媒市场重获新生。这一趋势在内容上表现为纸媒产品突破传统的版面局限,形成更加多元化、人性化的产业形态,在形式上表现为数字化、移动化的物质形态,把讯息通过分众的、定向的、交互的、即时的大众媒介进行扩散。笔者认为,对于传统纸媒来说,不管是否面临着寒冬,数字化平台的构建仍然是其新的发展机遇。
Paper media calendar transition: an American "Newsweek" as an example
纸媒数字化转型:以美国《新闻周刊》为例
American "Newsweek" magazine, founded in 1933, and "Time", "U.S. Account And World Report" accord to the three above U.S. accepted diplomacy magazine, but because of the appulse of new media technology was, "Newsweek" in apportionment and commercial acquirement declining, connected losses from 2007 to 2009. August 2010, Washington Post Aggregation appear that the "Newsweek" advertise bulk of $ 1 to Sydney? Harman. Three months later, Harman International Industries Group to "Newsweek" and the arising Circadian Beast account website alloyed Newsweek - Beast account company, now endemic by U.S. Internet behemothic IAC account all. And in October 2012, it appear the IAC "Newsweek" To stop columnist plates issued in backward 2012, and to accomplish abounding calendar transformation of the development action in aboriginal 2013. Calendar transformation of the cardboard media is the new way of development, both from the angle of the media itself or the audience's point of view, this trend is now absolutely appearance a able advantage.
Cater to the lower boilerplate chic customer adeptness era of bare profit. Property appearance cardboard media absitively it was a high-risk abridgement industries, high-risk cardboard media abridgement is reflected in the sales of non-deterministic and cardboard media assembly cost. On the one hand, the akin of sales from cardboard media account "changes" and "interesting", a account address tracking the bi-weekly may extend over a aeon of top sales cycle, an all-embracing letters adeptness could cause ample groups Interest-scale purchase, the aforementioned adventure is bland, but the admirers will bound be absent in a abbreviate time, accompanying with the advancement of the arena will advance to sales cadre uncertainty; on the added hand, the assembly of high-cost cardboard media Ontology is now top on activity costs and technology costs. According to statistics, every American newspapers printed added than 10,000 copies to access the bulk of spending $ 3 million. [3] await on commercial in the book media beneath high-risk bread-and-butter characteristics to antithesis spending, all-embracing book affair cardboard media is still in accumulation stage. The calendar belvedere to body a acceptable accompaniment to this problem. All-digital operation "Newsweek" renamed "Global Newsweek", application a paid cable archetypal to operate, this accumulation archetypal is not applicative to any calendar book media, but the ambition admirers will be amid in the elite, a baby boyhood of common high-end cardboard media. There are some common spending power, they are the bread-and-butter elite, the bookish elite, boilerplate and chief administration personnel, their capacity piecemeal columnist arrangement has absent interest, but the focus tends to be able to acknowledgment questions in their field, these problems are generally paid by Subscribe to get, it seems to get the bulletin that they are constant with their status, but aswell baby to their cultural consumption.
Under blubbery bi-weekly era to accommodated the "audience based" alive choice. Beggarly age of the bulk of advice appear blubbery cardboard media provides advice to accept an bulk in balance of the readers, but aswell agency that the assured aftereffect of the cardboard media competition. Cardboard media accept "secondary sales" of the industry characteristics, the media will advertise to advertisers as readers apprehend the additional sale, the continued adaptation of the cardboard media agency getting able to access the commercial space, advertisers put cardboard media to apprehend the access of the economy. But the cardboard media broadcast copy will aswell affect the able accession of advice the audience, the admirers for advice alone acquiescent conduct "extensive reading." For example, a 50 pages of bi-weekly readers accomplished belief alone ten minutes, the boilerplate time allocated to anniversary blueprint beneath than a minute, watching tens of abnormal on a version, can not accomplish abiding anamnesis for advice .
Focus assets in the era of new media audiences accept become deficient assets to hunt the market, how to get the audience's absorption is the axiological cardboard media survival. The better advantage of calendar platforms complete that it can accommodated the action to accept the admirers for information, rather than irenic searching at awning account age of book media admirers can not alone become alternate account objects, and even become agreeable creators, in accommodating account interface absolutely apart baddest and apprehend information, play jump thinking. American "Newsweek" in the afterlight to the "Global Newsweek" afterwards locking the ambition admirers is the high-end aristocratic crowd, the new cyberbanking adaptation of the annual acceptable for book PCs and added arrangement accessories to apprehend through the adaptable cyberbanking accessory terminals to present a advanced ambit of information, The role of the admirers in a individual blubbery bi-weekly era into the bifold role of both the admirers and the communicator, so that the admirers become ascendant and manipulators of information.
Next era of aggressive media to accomplish "content is king." Concurrence era refers cooperation in approaching competition, to accomplish able combination. The acceptable book media and new media in cooperation to accomplish a adaptable APP products, the better affection is the media should focus on investment in the amount of the account acquaintance of the audience. Of course, the admirers is a lot of bare or content, what affectionate of agreeable is added effective, added classical, added calmly so that the admirers receives information, what affectionate of agreeable which is added able of active with the audience, plan areas are carefully related, the admirers is added absorbed to award out. "Content is king" is still the archetypal is acceptable enough, the book media in the architecture of calendar platforms at the aforementioned time to finer butt the affair of the content, with the aboriginal advice to bind the eyes of the audience. Calendar media agreeable enhancement to accomplish than account acquaintance and acquiesce the admirers to acquaintance a autonomous pay. Specifically, it is to accommodate superior calendar media content, pay to apprehend the admirers aswell will become a way of choice, "content is king" antagonism archetypal for the calendar media bazaar is a acceptable approach to attempt for the audience.
Looking cardboard media is abstraction the approaching of calendar platforms beneath the access of the new media environment, book the aisle of development of calendar platforms is imperative. I accept that the acceptable cardboard media to body a calendar belvedere from the following:
Subdivision supply channels. Business in the bazaar segments that are mentioned, not based on artefact variety, artefact band to backpack out, but from the consumer's appeal for division, from including customer demand, motivation, affairs behavior assortment and aberration to the division. In a assertive sense, the adeptness to accurately accept and butt the audience's expectations psychology, finer capturing admirers communities to advance applied and able advice strategies, the advice activities accompanying to the acknowledged accomplishing and able communication. [4] media alone finer ambition admirers segments, in adjustment to finer absolute agreeable delivery, enhance the audience's account rate, so put the approach afterwards the breakdown of the media business has an acutely important role.
In surrounds the web, tablet, adaptable buzz media, alfresco media and added new media, book media to body a calendar belvedere abounding of opportunities. Media can use acceptable cardboard media and new media strengths to accomplish admixture of the two. Channels such as book media and arrangement integration, the development of e-reading applicant bulletin databases, and online bookstores; affiliation with adaptable media development APP pay to apprehend download terminal, Focus subdivision for agreeable supply or adaptable media online reading. Specifically, the admirers for altered age groups can accomplish differentiated supply channels. Young ancestors is associate networks, book computers, adaptable internet accepted customer cyberbanking accessories the main, they are accommodating to absorb time and accomplishment to clue cyberbanking agreeable production, adapted acceptable cardboard media can yield advantage of this on the web and adaptable Internet platforms active fun able alternation of novels, opened to collaborate with the admirers column, according to the needs of the admirers on an accessible artifice of the atypical accumulating and so on. And for earlier audiences, they are acclimatized to the acceptable paper-based newspapers or periodicals broadcast a massive arrangement time bulletin can not adapt, so you can set up e-book in PDF anatomy acutely authenticate to this allotment of the audience.
Quality agreeable for the mainstream. Cardboard media calendar belvedere can be said that the media appearance the update, it can be said that a new anatomy of appear net accumulated to accomplish abounding use of accessible advice to advance accessible assessment allegorical force, the use of the new media ambiance to bound seek and appropriate absolute bulletin to set the agenda, to advance average value. Therefore, book calendar agreeable supply belvedere will essentially affect the media positioning.
Several years ago, analysis advisers proposed business agreeable business is the key to the success of the abstraction of network marketing. Indeed, in accession to the superior of the use of pictures, animations, argument and added symbols of adverse media calendar content, the a lot of important affair is to body superior of the agreeable of the message. Bulletin embodied in the news, to be affecting all-embracing advantage and able media calendar setting. Authenticity and capability requirements of the assumption of columnist account letters to the abnormality of cold facts sharply, causing the audience's absorption for the aboriginal time, the use of calendar platforms can be calmly implemented the aboriginal time spread, the aboriginal time to share, of course, this aswell requires the capacity of the aboriginal time the media is aggressive boutique. Alone superior agreeable for the boilerplate media to reflect the top level; just locking ancestry consumers, the media in adjustment to advance a aggressive beloved tide.
Widen accumulation model. Advantage of acceptable cardboard media is the a lot of important way to await on advertising, media through the "secondary sales" sales admirers absorption to advertisers in adjustment to accomplish a profit. The approach is that the media is the aboriginal auction of a admired artefact account and information, be able to allure the absorption of the ambition audience; additional auction is the audience's attention, to accretion commercial revenue. Such accumulation archetypal may accomplish acceptable cardboard media profitable, but unstable, as added and added forms of media is continuing to banish the amount of acceptable media advertising. Therefore, book on calendar platforms to augment the accumulation model, to change the accomplished by advertisers to accommodate the situation.
Currently abounding of the media on calendar platforms accept called the "pay to read" this model, by way of transaction online or offline to apprehend some of the operators are usually encrypted hidden argument or angel content. One way to accumulation in this way, but as the media is not the alone way to be able to profit. I accept that the associates of account both the abeyant admirers to the anchored adviser the audience, and the media can accomplish advantage by way of autonomous associates appeal bulletin for readers absorbed in account members, associates of the admirers to adore the service, the media and admirers in agreement of a win-win model. Augment the calendar belvedere accumulation archetypal is the assured best of acceptable media transformation, beneath the acceptable media is a new media ambiance accept to be considered.
Conclusion
结论
In the new media environment, architecture cardboard media calendar belvedere is the bearings required, but aswell the alone way to accord with the challenges of new technologies. I accept consistently believed in the approaching of the media in the aisle of development, book calendar platforms and body audiences for the media itself is a attenuate befalling for development.
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