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美国硕士期末paper：回答问题交流的第一部分为第二部分，回答A组的一个问题（问题1-3） ，并从B组一个问题（问题4-6）详细题目请见一下内容。
Part I: Case Analysis -- Hitting the Wall: Nike and International Labor Practices [40%]第一部分：案例分析 - 碰壁：耐克和国际劳动行为[ 40 ％ ]
[This case traces the path of a company suddenly caught up in the highly emotional debate surrounding human rights and globalization. Like the Burma pipeline case, the Nike case deals with a fundamental question: what moral criteria are most reasonable for firms operating in foreign countries?][此情况下跟踪一个公司突然陷入了周围的人权和全球化的高度情绪化的辩论的路径。像缅甸管道的情况下，耐克本案涉及一个基本问题：什么道德标准是在国外经营的企业最合理的] ？
a. What charges have Jeff Ballinger and others levied against Nike and what is the basis or evidence for these charges?
b. Does Ballinger have a convincing argument about Nike? Does Nike have a convincing response?湾巴林杰是否有任何关于耐克一个令人信服的说法？耐克公司是否有一个令人信服的回应？
c. How would you assess Nike’s behavior from a purely moral perspective (consult “A Critical Overview of Ethical Frameworks” to help address this issue). One of the key moral issues in the case is the notion of a fair wage – what is a fair wage in countries like Vietnam or Indonesia (where markets set the wage at a very low rate), and what is the proper way for companies to think about this issue?你如何评价耐克公司从纯粹道德角度的行为（参阅“伦理框架的批判性概述” ，以帮助解决这个问题） 。其中一个的情况下关键的道德问题是一个公平的工资的概念 - 什么是公平的工资在像越南，印尼（如市场设置在工资率极低）的国家，什么是正确的方法为企业思考这个问题？
Part II: Readings, Cases and Lectures [60%]
Group A
1. (a) In your view what is the purpose of the corporation in modern society (Cf. "Corporate Purpose and Responsibility"), and what does it mean to be a good global citizen? (Be specific and cite several of the cases we have reviewed to illustrate your answer.) (b) What lessons about globalization (international economic integration) and foreign direct investment do you take away from this course? In your answer consider the experience of countries like India, Brazil and Botswana. Do you conclude that globalization (and market capitalism) is a force for good or are you skeptical about the long-term effects and the implications for social justice?
2. (a) Is it possible to have a “thick” or strong set of universal moral principles for a global world, or are we destined for cultural ethical relativism or perhaps modified relativism? Refer to readings on moral theory (including the discussion on new natural law) in your answer and illustrate with reference to one or more of the cases we have considered. (b) Several of the cases we have considered focused on the interactions and cross-cultural conflicts between people in developed and developing countries (e.g., "Safety First," “Digital Censorship in China,” “Multinational Corporations in Apartheid Era South Africa”). These cases essentially orchestrate the same theme -- under what conditions, if any, is it permissible (or desirable) for citizens of one country or moral culture to seek to promote in another their own values and social commitments? Does it matter whether the recipient country is democratic, resource-poor, does (or does not) welcome the intervention?
3. (a) "Public Policy and the Manager" reveals how policies originate primarily as responses to an imperfect functioning of the market which cause deviations from the social optimum (the ideal of economic efficiency). How do you evaluate this model – for example, is it adequate enough, or should market failure also be regarded as deviations from social ideals? Do you side with economists like Friedman who argue that the "invisible hand" of the marketplace should be given time and opportunity to rectify these market failures and that government intervention should be minimized? [cite one or two cases to illustrate your answer]. (b) This public policy model assumes a free market economy. While Denmark is not a pure socialist state with a planned economy, it is a social welfare state where high taxes underwrite a large public sector. Is Denmark prosperous because of, or despite, the fact that it is a welfare state? Does the social welfare state allow Denmark to take full advantage of the free market economy or does it impede entrepreneurship and risk-taking? Finally, what attracts firms to Denmark or keeps them there? As the head of a global firm, what would you care about with regards to doing business in Denmark?
Group B
4. (a) One of the major themes of the course has been the non-linear history of global capitalism. Multinational manufacturing grew rapidly between 1860 through 1914 (cf. “Multinationals and the First Global Economy before 1914”). What were some of the complex challenges faced by pioneer multinational firms like Singer (research one or two other multinationals which operated during this period like Unilever). Why were these companies so successful in capturing so much of the world market in their respective industries? What lessons could today’s multinationals learn from their experience? (b) The Willy Jacobsohn case examines the management of home and host country risk by Beiersdorf during the interwar years. Discuss the ways in which this company managed the political risks involving expropriation and anti-Semitism, and evaluate their performance. Do you agree with the way its managers camouflaged the Jewish nature of this business? Did the company’s competitors act in a socially responsible way (cf. “The Campaign against Beiersdorf,” in the case, p. 12ff.)? If not, what should they have done?
5. (a) Based on your reading of the five cases on the pharmaceutical industry (including Cipla, Genzyme, etc.), what is you assessment of pharmaceutical patents? Do these patents enhance social welfare? Should patent length be modified? Do you agree with economists like Boldrin and Levine who argue that “we must abolish intellectual monopoly” in the pharmaceutical industry? Does it make sense to harmonize intellectual property protection through political vehicles like TRIPS? (b) Should pharmaceutical companies be concerned about the distributive injustice that arises because people lack access to this socially important good? Do you agree with Genzyme CEO Termeer’s frustration with what he felt was the pharmaceutical industry’s unethical and unsupportable legal action against the government of South Africa, suing it for violating patents as the government attempted to provide AIDS drugs to the poor who could not afford it (see the “Genzyme’s CSR Dilemma,” and “Cipla” cases). How do you assess Genzyme’s HAND initiative as a Corporate Social Responsibility program? What changes would you recommend?
6. (a) Is "political neutrality" a plausible guiding principle for major business corporations such as Royal Dutch Shell (see p. 11 of the “Royal Dutch/Shell in Nigeria” case) or Unocal (cf. the “Burma Pipeline Case”]? Is such an apolitical stance realistic in the era of globalization, and does it enable companies to avoid allegations of ethical imperialism? Is it a suitable reaction to the form of political activism of United Fruit Company (UFC) in the 1950’s (cf. “The Octopus and the Generals”) Is there a way for MNC’s to intervene in local affairs without increasing the liability of foreignness (which undoubtedly happened with UFC in Guatemala).
(b) The “Yahoo! in China” case gives us an opportunity to explore the tensions that arise when a business has operations in places where domestic law appears to be at odds with human rights. Is there a universal right to free expression as suggested in the article “Business and Human Rights” (see esp. UN’s “Declaration on Human Rights,” pp. 7-8), and, if so, what should have been Yahoo’s response? If you disagree with the universality of such a right, what are your arguments? Also, are there ways in which better management of ethical risk could have helped Yahoo! avoid this predicament?
** Answer questions a-c for Part I. For Part II, answer one question from Group A (q. 1-3), and one question from Group B (q. 4-6). Papers are due on Thursday, May 2nd, 2013. Papers should be delivered to Fulton 430E no later than 1:00pm on that day. Please follow the following format carefully 14 point Times or Times New Roman font or larger; double-spaced; about one inch margins; length should be 14-18 double-spaced pages. No paper should exceed 18 pages. Late papers will be penalized unless there is a legitimate emergency.
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